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Colossus (supercomputer)

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the British codebreakers' <a href="Colossus_computer" title="Colossus computer">Colossus computer</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the fictional computer of the same name in the movie <a href="Colossus%3A_The_Forbin_Project" title="Colossus: The Forbin Project">Colossus: The Forbin Project</a>.</div>

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Colossus is a <a href="Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputer</a> developed by <a href="XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a>, an <a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) company founded by <a href="Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>. Construction on Colossus began in 2024 in <a href="Memphis%2C_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, and is continuing to expand today. It is currently believed to be the world's largest AI supercomputer.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Its purpose is to train the company's AI language model, <a href="Grok_(chatbot)" title="Grok (chatbot)">Grok</a>, and also train the social media service <a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">X</a>. It also supports operations for Musk's other companies, such as <a href="SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2024-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

Colossus was launched in September 2024 at a former <a href="Electrolux" title="Electrolux">Electrolux</a> site in <a href="South_Memphis%2C_Memphis%2C_Tennessee" title="South Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee">South Memphis</a> to train the AI language model Grok.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2024-2">[2]</a> Reportedly, within 19 days of the project's conception, xAI was ready to begin construction. In comparison, other data centers have taken an average of four years to finalize the plans for a project, ship the equipment, and have it installed.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>

The site was chosen because the abandoned Electrolux building could be repurposed to expedite construction.<a href="#cite_note-fayard_2025-4">[4]</a> Another advantage of the site was proximity to a nearby wastewater treatment facility providing a water source. As of February 2025 xAI plans to build an $80 million facility to process additional wastewater for use at the supercomputer.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

Musk incorporated xAI in March 2023 with the stated purpose of understanding the "nature of the universe".<a href="#cite_note-Henshall-2023-6">[6]</a> The team includes former members of <a href="OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>, <a href="Google_DeepMind" title="Google DeepMind">DeepMind</a>, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, and <a href="Tesla%2C_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a>. Musk has a history of involvement in artificial intelligence; he was one of the founding members of the company OpenAI, investing up to US$45 million in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> He left OpenAI in 2018, reportedly to avoid conflicts of interest with his own company, Tesla. However, it has also been reported that he had made a bid for leadership at OpenAI and left when his proposal was rejected.<a href="#cite_note-Henshall-2023-6">[6]</a> The exact reasons for his departure with the company remain unclear.

Both <a href="Dell_Technologies" title="Dell Technologies">Dell Technologies</a> and <a href="Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a> partnered with xAI to build the supercomputer. It was originally powered by 100,000 <a href="Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> <a href="Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">Graphic Processing Units</a> (GPUs) and was constructed in 122 days.<a href="#cite_note-x.ai-8">[8]</a> 3 months after the first 100,000 GPUs were deployed, xAI announced that they had increased the system to 200,000 GPUs and that they intended to continue increasing the computer's processing power to 1 million GPUs.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Colossus is currently the largest AI training platform in the world.<a href="#cite_note-x.ai-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Choice_of_location">Choice of location</h2></div>

Musk and xAI chose Memphis for this project primarily because it offered a ready-made home for Colossus in the former <a href="Electrolux" title="Electrolux">Electrolux</a> site.<a href="#cite_note-fayard_2025-4">[4]</a> Musk was initially told that building the data center would take 18-24 months. He stated how this extended construction timeline "...means losing is a certainty…only option is to do it ourselves."<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Musk instead began looking for a vacant and existing building, and this was when he found the Electrolux factory in Memphis, Tennessee. The global appliance maker Electrolux first opened the facility in 2012, but it shut down in 2020 to relocate to <a href="Springfield%2C_Tennessee" title="Springfield, Tennessee">Springfield, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-green_2024-12">[12]</a> The center is 785,000 square feet (72,900 m2) and was previously purchased by Phoenix Investors in December 2023 for $35 million.<a href="#cite_note-green_2024-12">[12]</a> Using an existing space rather than building one from the ground up allowed the company to begin working on the computer immediately. Tedd Townsend, <a href="Greater_Memphis_Chamber" title="Greater Memphis Chamber">Greater Memphis Chamber</a> president and CEO, revealed to Forbes that xAI had considered seven or eight other sites before selecting Memphis.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Townsend also stated it took Musk about a week to finalize this decision to build the new supercomputer for xAI in Memphis. With this finalization completed in March 2024, the construction of the supercomputer started right away. The announcement that Colossus would be built in Memphis was made during a press conference in June.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2024-2">[2]</a>

The building was not the only incentive xAI had to choose Memphis, however. In the Greater Memphis Chamber's website, it also states that the company chose Memphis because of its "reliable power grid, ability to create a water recycling facility, proximity to the <a href="Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi (River)</a> and ample land."<a href="#cite_note-Greater_Memphis_Chamber-14">[14]</a> Altogether, the city had the ability to provide the massive amounts of energy needed to run the machine. The site continues to go into detail about how the AI company would benefit from the collaboration with local organizations such as <a href="Memphis_Light%2C_Gas_and_Water" title="Memphis Light, Gas and Water">Memphis Light, Gas and Water</a> (MLGW), <a href="Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> (TVA), the City of Memphis, and <a href="Shelby_County%2C_Tennessee" title="Shelby County, Tennessee">Shelby County.</a> It emphasizes the importance of these partnerships, especially once the supercomputer reaches full capacity, which will require millions of gallons of water daily and 150 megawatts of electricity.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2024-2">[2]</a> The city also provided financial incentives to the company, understanding how the presence of the supercomputer could turn Memphis into a tech hub. The ability of the Greater Memphis Chamber to expedite approvals and negotiations also allowed for the project's quick initiation, which was deeply important to Musk and the xAI team.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h2></div>

AI requires more electricity to complete even simple tasks compared to typical search queries.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2-2024-16">[16]</a> A majority of the energy needed to generate the answers in AI queries comes from burning fossil fuels such as coal and gas, which are leading drivers of climate change.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2-2024-16">[16]</a> The United States is currently home to a third of all data centers worldwide. Utility companies are adding new gas plants, while older power plants are redeveloped to meet the demand in a booming AI industry. Clean energy deployments cannot keep pace with the rapid expansion of AI data centers.<a href="#cite_note-Galarza-2025-17">[17]</a> AI requires power from thousands of servers that are contained in data centers, such as Colossus, and these data centers require "extensive amounts of energy".<a href="#cite_note-Galarza-2025-17">[17]</a>

At the site of Colossus in South Memphis, xAI applied to temporarily set up more than one dozen gas turbines, which would steadily burn methane gas.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2024-2">[2]</a> However, according to advocacy groups, aerial imagery in April 2025 showed 35 gas turbines had been set up. These turbines have been estimated to generate about "72 megawatts, which is approximately 3% of the (TVA) power grid".<a href="#cite_note-Kolodny-2025-18">[18]</a> According to the <a href="Southern_Environmental_Law_Center" title="Southern Environmental Law Center">Southern Environmental Law Center</a> (SELC), the higher number of gas turbines and the subsequent emissions requires xAI to have a 'major source permit', however, the emissions from the turbines are similar to the nearby large gas-powered utility plants.

<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In Memphis, xAI was able to sidestep some environmental rules in the construction of Colossus, such as operating without permits for the on-site methane gas turbines because they are "portable". The Shelby County Health department told <a href="NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> that "it only regulates gas-burning generators if they're in the same location for more than 364 days.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2024-2">[2]</a> xAI plans to eventually draw power from MLGW (the local electricity provider).

In the neighborhood of South Memphis, poor air quality has given residents elevated asthma rates and lower life expectancy.<a href="#cite_note-Shaw-2021-20">[20]</a> A <a href="ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> report found that the cancer risk for those living in this area already have four times the risk of cancer than what the <a href="United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency (EPA</a>) considers to be an acceptable risk.<a href="#cite_note-Shaw-2021-20">[20]</a>

However, a recent third-party air quality report published by the City of Memphis found that there were "no dangerous pollutant levels" at three testing locations, with one being less than a kilometer away from the Colossus supercomputer.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The full report can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qrcodes.pro/airqualitytesting">here</a>.

Along with high electricity needs, the expected water demand is over five million gallons of water per day in "... an area where arsenic pollution threatens the drinking water supply." This is reported by the non-profit Protect Our Aquifer, a community organization founded to protect the drinking water in Memphis.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>

According to MLGW, their customers will benefit from the xAI project as well. The project is expected to create around 300 high-paying jobs. Additionally, xAI is partnering with the City of Memphis, MLGW and TVA to construct a "... graywater/recycled wastewater facility that will take in treated wastewater and produce water suitable for cooling processes," putting recycled wastewater to productive use and reducing the daily draw on Memphis' aquifer by up to 10 million gallons per day.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Yet, there are no concrete plans for the promised wastewater facility, only the one-page factsheet shared by MLGW.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_response">Community response</h2></div>

The plan to build Colossus in Memphis was kept secret from residents, City Council members, and environmental agencies in Memphis. Many did not find out about the project until the day before, or the day of as they watched the announcement on the local news.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2024-2">[2]</a> Keshaun Pearson, president of Memphis Community Against Pollution stated that there is a historical lack of transparency and communication surrounding environmental issues in Memphis.<a href="#cite_note-Penn-2024-25">[25]</a> Some community members in Memphis have expressed concern about the potential for additional air and water pollution caused by the supercomputer. In a letter to the Shelby County Health Department, the <a href="Southern_Environmental_Law_Center" title="Southern Environmental Law Center">Southern Environmental Law Center</a> stated the emissions from the turbines make the facility "...likely the largest industrial emitter of <a href="NOx" title="NOx">NOx</a> in Memphis..."<a href="#cite_note-Kolodny-2025-18">[18]</a> This is due to data supplied by the manufacturer showing that "...xAI emits between 1,200 and 2,000 tons of smog-forming nitrogen oxides (NOx)..."<a href="#cite_note-Kolodny-2025-18">[18]</a>

At a public Shelby County Commissioner's hearing on April 9, 2025, residents living near the site of Colossus voiced complaints about air quality noting that they have chronic respiratory issues related to living in a polluted section of Memphis. One woman said she smells "everything but the right thing and the right thing is the clean air." Other residents voiced frustration that Brent Mayo, the senior xAI official responsible for building out xAI's infrastructure, did not show up to the meeting to discuss concerns with the community.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>

Keshaun Pearson also stated that "We're getting more and more days a year where it is unhealthy for us to go outside."<a href="#cite_note-Penn-2024-25">[25]</a> People living near the site of Colossus have said they were not offered the opportunity for a public review of the plans nor were they provided with information for how their community could potentially benefit.<a href="#cite_note-Kerr-2024-2">[2]</a>

The community is concerned about strain on the power grid as well. In November 2024, TVA approved xAI's request for access to more than 100 megawatts of power, enough electricity to power 100,000 homes, to Colossus which is supplied by MLGW.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> This fear is not unfounded, as the electric grid in Tennessee, including Memphis, has been strained during previous extreme weather events. In December 2022, MLGW imposed (then rescinded) rolling blackouts during several days of extreme cold that put a strain on the power grid.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In a letter to the TVA, the SELC "urged the agency to 'prioritize Memphis families' access to reliable power over the 'secondary purpose' of serving xAI".<a href="#cite_note-Penn-2024-25">[25]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_progress">Current progress</h2></div>

In early December 2024, Ted Townsend detailed how the power of Colossus doubled in its processing capability. When it first went online, "it was using 100,000 Nvidia H100 processing chips."<a href="#cite_note-Strebig-2024-29">[29]</a> Still, this initial launch demonstrated Colossus to be the largest supercomputer globally. As of June 2025, the supercomputer got 150,000 H100 <a href="GPU" class="mw-redirect" title="GPU">GPUs</a>, 50,000 H200 GPUs, 30,000 GB200 GPUs. And 110,000 GB200 GPUs were about to be brought online at a second data center also in the Memphis area.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The expansion of this supercomputer has already been discussed and will be the second phase of the project. It is stated that it will add 320 new jobs. Not only that, but in its expansion, xAI also plans to increase Colossus to 1 million graphic processing units.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Since the current state of the supercomputer is using gas turbines for power, it is temporarily relying on them alongside <a href="Tesla_Megapack" title="Tesla Megapack">Tesla Mega Packs</a>. As part of this prospective expansion, xAI is also looking to add more Mega Packs, which could later allow the center to no longer depend on Memphis's gas and water grid. Townsend also mentioned how xAI "is [also] expected to act as a data hub for Musk's other companies, including X and SpaceX."<a href="#cite_note-Strebig-2024-29">[29]</a>

The expansion continued in March 2025 when xAI purchased a 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) site in the <a href="Whitehaven%2C_Memphis" title="Whitehaven, Memphis">Whitehaven</a> area of Memphis.<a href="#cite_note-Davis-2025-32">[32]</a> xAI employee Brent Mayo said that the addition of this property "...ensures [xAI] remain at the forefront of AI innovation...in Memphis."<a href="#cite_note-Davis-2025-32">[32]</a> The property was purchased for almost $80 million, by CTC Property LLC, an affiliate of xAI. The <a href="Memphis_City_Council" title="Memphis City Council">Memphis City Council</a> also approved xAI's wastewater recycling plant expansion. Plans for the expansion were initially revealed by the <a href="Tennessee_Department_of_Environment_and_Conservation" title="Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation">Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation</a> when preliminary plans for the facility were filed on September 18, 2024, for the project "...between xAI, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and <a href="Nucor" title="Nucor">Nucor</a> Steel..."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> At the time, xAI representatives detailed its estimated cost to be $78 million, which was to be privately funded. In March 2025, approval was officially granted for this expansion, including "...the sale of 13 acres for a wastewater recycling plant near the supercomputer in southwest Memphis."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The final cost of the project was revealed to be $80 million for construction.

<ul><li><a href="Colossus%3A_The_Forbin_Project" title="Colossus: The Forbin Project">Colossus: The Forbin Project</a>, 1970 film</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFStrebig2024" class="citation web cs1">Strebig, Neil S (October 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/money/business/development/2024/10/02/xai-supercomputer-in-memphis-greywater-facility/75482201007/">"Plans filed for $78 million greywater facility for xAI supercomputer in Memphis"</a>. Memphis Commercial Appeal. Retrieved April 27, 2025.</cite>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.localmemphis.com/article/news/local/memphis-environmental-justice-groups-speak-out-against-air-pollution-caused-by-elon-musks-xai-gas-turbines/522-64a71bd6-3fd1-4717-bf39-d10feaab80c5">Memphis residents rally against Elon Musk's xAI project.</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf8EPSBZU7Y">Inside the World's Largest AI Supercluster xAI Colossus.</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVIxjhMGtvM">Elon Musk finally reveals 'why Memphis' for xAI supercomputer.</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Elon_Musk182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Elon_Musk" title="List of awards and honors received by Elon Musk">Awards and honors</a></li>

<li><a href="Business_career_of_Elon_Musk" title="Business career of Elon Musk">Business career</a></li>

<li><a href="Elon_Musk_filmography" title="Elon Musk filmography">Filmography</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_affairs_of_Elon_Musk" title="Legal affairs of Elon Musk">Legal affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="International_relations_of_Elon_Musk" title="International relations of Elon Musk">International relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk" title="Political activities of Elon Musk">Political activities</a></li>

<li><a href="Protests_against_Elon_Musk" title="Protests against Elon Musk">Protests</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tesla_Takedown" title="Tesla Takedown">Tesla Takedown</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_image_of_Elon_Musk" title="Public image of Elon Musk">Public image</a></li>

<li><a href="Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Views</a></li>

<li><a href="Wealth_of_Elon_Musk" title="Wealth of Elon Musk">Wealth</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> (<a href="Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Tesla%2C_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tesla_Energy" title="Tesla Energy">Tesla Energy</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_Tesla%2C_Inc." title="Criticism of Tesla, Inc.">Criticism</a></li>

<li><a href="TSLAQ" title="TSLAQ">TSLAQ</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_lawsuits_involving_Tesla%2C_Inc." title="List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.">lawsuits</a></li>

<li><a href="Tesla_and_trade_unions" title="Tesla and trade unions">trade unions</a></li>

<li><a href="2025_Tesla_vandalism" title="2025 Tesla vandalism">vandalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a></li>

<li><a href="Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Boring_Company" title="The Boring Company">The Boring Company</a>

<ul><li><a href="Boring_test_tunnel" title="Boring test tunnel">Boring test tunnel</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="SolarCity" title="SolarCity">SolarCity</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Twitter%2C_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a></li>

<li><a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li>

<li><a href="Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a></li>

<li><a href="Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">Acquisition of Twitter</a></li>

<li><a href="Twitter_Files" title="Twitter Files">Twitter Files</a></li>

<li><a href="December_2022_Twitter_suspensions" title="December 2022 Twitter suspensions">December 2022 suspensions</a></li>

<li><a href="Blocking_of_Twitter_in_Brazil" title="Blocking of Twitter in Brazil">Block in Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_lawsuits_involving_X_Corp." title="List of lawsuits involving X Corp.">lawsuits</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="America_PAC" title="America PAC">America PAC</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Response_to_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Response to the Department of Government Efficiency">response</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Elon_Musk_salute_controversy" title="Elon Musk salute controversy">Salute controversy</a></li>

<li><a href="Elon_Musk_and_trade_unions" title="Elon Musk and trade unions">Views on trade unions</a></li>

<li><a href="City_of_Starbase_Incorporation_election" title="City of Starbase Incorporation election">City of Starbase Incorporation election</a></li>

<li><a href="Trump%E2%80%93Musk_feud" title="Trump–Musk feud">Donald Trump feud</a></li>

<li><a href="America_Party" title="America Party">America Party</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Elon_Musk%3A_Tesla%2C_SpaceX%2C_and_the_Quest_for_a_Fantastic_Future" title="Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</a> (2015)</li>

<li>"<a href="The_Musk_Who_Fell_to_Earth" title="The Musk Who Fell to Earth">The Musk Who Fell to Earth</a>" (2015)</li>

<li><a href="The_Space_Barons" title="The Space Barons">The Space Barons</a> (2018)</li>

<li><a href="Ludicrous%3A_The_Unvarnished_Story_of_Tesla_Motors" title="Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors">Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors</a> (2019)</li>

<li>"<a href="One_Crew_over_the_Crewcoo's_Morty" title="One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty">One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty</a>" (2019)</li>

<li><a href="Power_Play%3A_Tesla%2C_Elon_Musk%2C_and_the_Bet_of_the_Century" title="Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century">Power Play: Tesla, Elon Musk, and the Bet of the Century</a> (2021)</li>

<li><a href="Return_to_Space" title="Return to Space">Return to Space</a> (2022)</li>

<li><a href="Elon_Musk's_Crash_Course" title="Elon Musk's Crash Course">Elon Musk's Crash Course</a> (2022)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Musk_family" title="Musk family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Justine_Musk" title="Justine Musk">Justine Musk</a> (first wife)</li>

<li><a href="Talulah_Riley" title="Talulah Riley">Talulah Riley</a> (second wife)</li>

<li><a href="Vivian_Wilson" title="Vivian Wilson">Vivian Wilson</a> (daughter)</li>

<li><a href="Maye_Musk" title="Maye Musk">Maye Musk</a> (mother)</li>

<li><a href="Errol_Musk" title="Errol Musk">Errol Musk</a> (father)</li>

<li><a href="Kimbal_Musk" title="Kimbal Musk">Kimbal Musk</a> (brother)</li>

<li><a href="Tosca_Musk" title="Tosca Musk">Tosca Musk</a> (sister)</li>

<li><a href="Joshua_N._Haldeman" title="Joshua N. Haldeman">Joshua N. Haldeman</a> (grandfather)</li>

<li><a href="Lyndon_Rive" title="Lyndon Rive">Lyndon Rive</a> (cousin)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Grimes" title="Grimes">Grimes</a></li>

<li><a href="Shivon_Zilis" title="Shivon Zilis">Shivon Zilis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Astra_Nova_School" title="Astra Nova School">Astra Nova School</a></li>

<li><a href="Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li>

<li><a href="Elon_Musk's_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster</a></li>

<li><a href="ElonJet" title="ElonJet">ElonJet</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li>

<li><a href="Snailbrook%2C_Texas" title="Snailbrook, Texas">Snailbrook, Texas</a></li>

<li><a href="Texas_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science" title="Texas Institute of Technology and Science">Texas Institute of Technology and Science</a></li>

<li><a href="Starbase%2C_Texas" title="Starbase, Texas">Starbase, Texas</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Colossus_(supercomputer)&oldid=1304011092">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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